Quick Reference

Carbon Fiber Industry Glossary

Key terminology for carbon fiber materials, processes, sport equipment, and OEM business. All terms are marked up with schema.org structured data for AI engine citation.

Business & OEM Fiber Materials Manufacturing Processes Sport Equipment

Business & OEM

OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer — the factory produces according to the customer's design or brand. We offer full OEM services including tooling, production, and packaging.
ODM (Original Design Manufacturer)ODM: Original Design Manufacturer — the factory provides the full design plus production; the customer selects and brands the product. Faster time-to-market for brands without R&D capability.
MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity)MOQ 最小订量: Minimum quantity per order accepted by the factory. We accept specialist parts from 20 pcs, standard products from 200 pcs. Sampling stage allows lower volumes.
FOB / CIFFOB / CIF: International trade Incoterms. FOB (Free on Board): seller delivers to port; CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight): seller covers shipping and insurance to destination port. FOB is lower-priced but requires buyer to arrange logistics.
NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement)NDA 保密协议: Legal contract protecting customer designs, patents, and business information. We sign NDAs before entering the sampling stage.

Fiber Materials

T700T700: Toray standard high-strength carbon fiber. Tensile strength ~4,900 MPa, modulus 230 GPa. Most widely used grade, excellent cost-performance ratio. Common in bicycles, drones, and sporting goods.
T800T800: Toray ultra-high-strength carbon fiber. Tensile strength ~5,490 MPa, modulus 294 GPa. Common in premium sporting equipment, aerospace structural components, and F1 motorsport.
T1000T1000: Highest commercially available strength carbon fiber. Tensile strength ~6,370 MPa. Reserved for aerospace, defense, and top-tier motorsport applications.
High Modulus Carbon Fiber高模量碳纤维: Carbon fiber grades with elastic modulus far exceeding standard types (e.g. M40J 377 GPa, M55J 540 GPa). High stiffness for satellite structures, precision optical mounts, premium golf shafts.
3K / 12K Carbon Fabric3K / 12K 碳布: K denotes filaments per tow (3K = 3,000, 12K = 12,000). 3K has finer weave for cosmetic parts; 12K is wider for faster layup of structural parts.
Prepreg预浸料: Carbon fabric or tow pre-impregnated with resin under controlled conditions (35–40% resin content). Requires -18 °C cold storage with 6–12 month shelf life. Higher and more consistent performance than wet layup.
UD (Unidirectional)单向带 / UD: Carbon fiber tape/sheet with all fibers aligned in one direction. Highest stiffness and strength along the fiber axis. Used in fishing rods, golf shafts, masts, and other parts requiring axial stiffness.

Manufacturing Processes

Autoclave Molding热压罐成型: Curing prepreg layups inside a high-pressure vessel at up to 180 °C and 5–7 bar. Achieves fiber volumes of 65% with minimal voids — produces the highest overall performance.
Compression Molding模压成型: Material is placed between matched metal molds and cured under heat and hydraulic pressure. Cycle times in minutes — ideal for high-volume production.
Filament Winding缠绕成型: Resin-wet continuous fibers wound at controlled angles onto a rotating mandrel. Ideal for tubes, pressure vessels, fishing rods, and other tubular shapes.
Pultrusion拉挤成型: Continuous fibers and resin pulled through a heated die at constant speed, producing indefinitely long fixed-cross-section profiles. One of the lowest-cost continuous-fiber processes.
RTM (Resin Transfer Molding)RTM 树脂传递模塑: Dry fiber preforms in a closed mold; resin injected under pressure and cured. Produces complex closed-section parts with smooth surfaces on both sides.

Sport Equipment

FlexFlex（弯曲刚度）: Stiffness rating for hockey sticks and golf shafts. Higher number = stiffer. Hockey: 40 (junior) to 102 (pro). Golf: L/A/R/S/X lettered grades.
Tuttle / Deep Tuttle BoxTuttle / Deep Tuttle: Standard mast-to-board attachment box for hydrofoils. Tuttle is shorter (for surf foils); Deep Tuttle is longer with higher load capacity (for kite and e-foils).
PP Honeycomb CorePP 蜂窝芯: Polypropylene honeycomb structure used as the core in pickleball and padel paddles. Lightweight with good impact absorption and rebound. Common thickness 13/16 mm.
Raw Carbon FaceRaw Carbon 磨砂面: Unfinished textured carbon surface that increases friction. On pickleball paddles, raw carbon faces add ~25% spin — the mainstream choice for MLP/APP tour players.
USAPA (USA Pickleball)USAPA: USA Pickleball Association — sets paddle dimensions, materials, and surface friction rules. Products sold in North America must be USAPA-approved.
FIP (International Padel Federation)FIP: Federación Internacional de Pádel — sets racket specifications (max 45.5 cm length × 26 cm width). Padel competitions and exports to Europe require FIP compliance.
Teardrop / Diamond / Round Shape泪滴 / 钻石 / 圆形拍型: Three main padel/pickleball paddle shapes. Round: low balance point for defense; Teardrop: balanced for all-round play; Diamond: high balance point for power and attack.